Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt was born on July 20, 1836, in Dewsbury, England.

He was an English physician, physicist, and inventor of clinical thermometer. He was educated at St. Peter's School, York and Caius College, Cambridge (B.A., 1859, M.Sc., 1860). He studied medicine at St. George's Hospital, London and received the Cambridge MB degree in 1861. After serving as one of the Commissioners for Lunacy in England and Wales from 1889, Allbutt became Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Cambridge in 1892. In 1870, Allbutt published “Medical Thermometry,” an article outlining the history of thermometry and describing his invention: a clinical thermometer approximately 6 inches long that a physician could carry in a pocket. His version of the thermometer, devised in 1867, was quickly adopted instead of the previous model, which was one foot long, and patients were required to hold it for about twenty minutes. In 1880, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was the author of the book, “On the Use of the Ophthalmoscope in Diseases of the Nervous System and of the Kidneys” (1871). He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1907. He supported Sir William Osler in founding of the History of Medicine Society at the Royal Society of Medicine in 1912. Allbutt became President of the British Medical Association and a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1920. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1922.

In 1869, he married Susan England. He died on February 22, 1925, in Cambridge, England.

Sir William Henry Allchin was born on October 16, 1846, in Paris, France.

He was an English physician and lecturer on comparative anatomy, physiology, pathology, and medicine. He studied medicine at the University College, London (M.B., 1871). He became an assistant physician at Westminster Hospital in 1873, a physician in 1877, dean from 1878 to 1883 and again from 1890 to 1893. He lectured on comparative anatomy at University College and on pathology (1873-1878), physiology (1878-1882) and medicine (1882-1892) at the Westminster Hospital. He retired from the hospital staff in 1905. Allchin was Senior Censor of the Royal College of Physicians and delivered the Bradshaw Lecture in 1891, the Harveian Oration in 1903 and the Lumleian Lectures in 1905. He was the editor of the Manual of Medicine and a contributor to Quain’s Dictionary of Medicine, Allbutt’s System of Medicine, and Keating's Cyclopaedia of the Diseases of Children. In 1901, he served as President of the Medical Society of London. He was knighted in 1907, and in 1910, he became Physician-Extraordinary to King George V.

In 1880, he married Margaret Holland (1853–1934). He died on February 8, 1912, in East Malling, Kent, England.

Gregorio Allegri was born in 1582 in Rome, Italy.

He was a Roman Catholic priest and Italian composer and singer. He studied music as a puer (boy chorister) at San Luigi dei Francesi under the maestro di cappella Giovanni Bernardino Nanino. He sang tenor at the Cathedral in Fermo from 1607 until 1628, when he joined Rome's prestigious Papal Choir. Circa 1636, he composed his famous "Miserere" for this choir. It has been sung at the Sistine Chapel during Holy Week every year since. The Vatican refused to let Allegri publish the "Miserere," and its mysterious harmonies were kept a closely guarded secret until 1770 when a 14-year-old Wolfgang Mozart wrote it down from memory after hearing it only once. Allegri also wrote several Masses and motets, and in 1618, he published a string quartet, 150 years before Haydn perfected the form.

He died on February 7, 1652, in Rome, Italy, and his tomb is in the Chiesa Nuova in Rome, the traditional burial place for Papal singers.

Arthur Augustus Allen was born on December 28, 1885, in Buffalo, New York.

He was an American professor of ornithology at Cornell University. He earned his B.A. in 1907, his M.A. in 1908, and his Ph.D. in zoology in 1911, all from Cornell University. From 1911 to 1912, he participated in an expedition to Colombia. Following this, he served as an instructor in zoology at Cornell University from 1912 to 1916. In 1916, he was promoted to assistant professor and later became a full professor in 1926, a position he held until his retirement in 1953. He gained extensive knowledge of arctic birds through three separate trips to Hudson Bay in 1934, 1944, and 1954, and renewed his acquaintance with tropical birds in Panama while working with the Office of Scientific Research and Development in 1944-1945. After retiring, he lectured for the National Audubon Society from 1953 to 1959. He was known for his unique style of writing and speaking, which allowed him to effectively share his knowledge and discoveries. Additionally, he served as the President of the Eastern Bird Banding Association from 1923 to 1925 and received the Outdoor Life Medal in 1924 for his research on diseases of the Ruffed Grouse. He authored “The Book of Bird Life” (1930, rev. ed. 1961) and "Stalking Birds with Color Camera" (1951), a remarkable collection of 331 bird photographs in color and stories detailing the making of the photographs, published by the National Geographic Society. Allen was honored as a Fellow of the American Ornithologists’ Union and was a member of several ornithological and naturalist organizations, including the International Ornithological Congress, the Wilson Ornithological Club, the Cooper Ornithological Club, the American Society of Naturalists, American Wildlife Society (president, 1939), the Society of Mammalogists, Sigma Xi, Gamma Alpha, the Explorers’ Club, and the Savage Club, among others.

In 1913, he married Elsa Guerdrum (1888-1969). He died on January 17, 1964, in Ithaca, New York.

Charles Edwin Allen was born on November 28, 1838, in Burlington, Vermont.

In 1859, he graduated from the University of Vermont and then studied law at the Albany Law School. After practicing for a few years in New York City, he moved back to Burlington, where he worked as a city clerk from 1886 to 1903, a school Commissioner from 1883 to 1906, and an alderman from 1878 to 1882. He was an authority on the city’s history.

In 1868, he married Ellen Cordelia Lyman. He died on May 23, 1915, in Burlington, Vermont.

Reginald Clifford Allen, 1st Baron Allen of Hurtwood, was born on May 9, 1889, in Newport, Wales.

He was a British politician, peace campaigner, and author. He was educated at University College, Bristol, and Cambridge University (1908-1911). He served as Secretary and then General Manager of the Daily Citizen from 1911 to 1915. He was Chairman of the No-Conscription Fellowship during World War I and was imprisoned as a conscientious objector three times. After the war, he was Treasurer and Chairman of the Independent Labour Party (1922-1926), Chairman of the New Leader (1922-1926), and director of the Daily Herald (1925-1930). In 1934, he co-founded the Next Five Years Group seeking a progressive centre-left re-alignment in British politics. He published numerous essays, articles, and speeches on pacifism, socialism, and the Labour government.

In 1921, he married Baroness Marjory Gill (1897–1976). He suffered from tuberculosis because of his imprisonment. He died on March 3, 1939, recovering in a sanatorium in Switzerland.